Tamanho do pênis e satisfação sexual feminina / Penis size and female sexual satisfaction

O tamanho do pênis é assunto polêmico, de difícil abordagem e que preocupa muito os homens. É largamente aceita na população a crença de que, quanto maior for o pênis do homem, maior será a eficiência sexual e a satisfação sexual da mulher. Contudo, na maioria das vezes, o tamanho do pênis encontra-se dentro do normal. Importante questão seria se a mulher atribui tanta importância ao tamanho do pênis quanto o homem acredita. Qual é a visão das mulheres em relação ao tamanho do pênis? O quanto o tamanho influencia na satisfação sexual feminina? O presente estudo objetiva fazer uma revisão da literatura sobre a relação do tamanho do pênis e a satisfação sexual feminina. Os poucos trabalhos encontrados mostram que é atribuída importância ao tamanho e à grossura do pênis pelas mulheres e que a maioria delas parece estar satisfeita com o tamanho do pênis de seus parceiros. Mais estudos são necessários para investigar se há correlação entre o tamanho do pênis e a satisfação sexual feminina, bem como se o alongamento peniano exerce algum efeito sobre a satisfação da parceira.

Alternative techniques to reduce warm ischemia time in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.

PURPOSE: Demonstrate two alternatives that permit a warm ischemia time reduction during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this video, two cases of intermediate complexity renal tumors according to the RENAL nephrometry renal scoring system illustrating the techniques and our preliminary experience: a 65 year old man with a 4 cm right, posterior renal tumor. This patient underwent an early unclamping and parenchymal suturing using a greek bar continuous suture with hem-o-lock clips attached to the respective extremities of the suture; The second patient is a 49 year old man with a 3 cm renal tumor. The technique utilized was no clamping resection following the ABC Medical School technique: dissection of renal hilum for eventual clamping if necessary, a frontal 360 degrees visualization of tumor limits, pneumoperitoneum pressure elevated to 25mmHg during tumor resection, spiral excavation of normal parenchyma around the tumor and resection with negative margins. RESULTS: We previously performed 15 cases utilizing the early unclamping technique. The mean clamp time was 15 minutes with a mean blood loss of 285 mL. Only 1 patient had focal positive surgical margins, without recurrence demonstrated at 30 months. Fifteen partial nephrectomies were previously performed with on demand clamping. In 3 cases, clamping was necessary with a mean ischemia time of 11 minutes. The mean blood loss was 390 mL and 2 cases required a perioperative blood transfusion. One case presented with a positive focal margin without recurrence demonstrated at 24 months of follow-up. Renal function was preserved in all cases regardless of the technique applied. CONCLUSION: Warm ischemia time can be reduced and kidney function can be preserved during laparoscopic nephrectomy if either early unclamping or on demand clamping are selectively applied.

Long-term outcome of laparoscopic pyeloplasty: multicentric comparative study of techniques and accesses.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to analyze long-term follow up (18-108 months) of different techniques and routes for laparoscopic repair of uretero-pelvic junction obstruction comparing efficacy and results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analyses of 133 laparoscopic pyeloplasties in 132 patients (mean age 35 years) between August 1995 and November 2008 was performed. Transperitoneal route was performed in 114 patients, and retroperitoneal route was performed in 19 patients. Different repair techniques (dismembered and non-dismembered) were applied at the surgeon's discretion. RESULTS: Average operative time was 127 minutes (range 45-370). Average blood loss was 127 mL, and mean hospital stay was 24 hours. Complications occurred in 9.6% of surgeries, and conversion rate was 1.7%. Urinary leak occurred after eight (6.1%) surgeries, all managed conservatively. Overall success rate of laparoscopic repair was 96%, higher for dismembered versus non-dismembered procedures (97% versus 89%, P = .04). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic pyeloplasty is a reproducible, highly effective, and minimally invasive treatment for uretero-pelvic junction obstruction. Surgical technique affects operative time and long-term success rates. Dismembered techniques seem to remain more effective after a long-term follow up. Surgical route does not seem to affect success rates.

Can video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy achieve a lower morbidity than open lymph node dissection in penile cancer patients?

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Radical lymphadenectomy improves survival in penile cancer patients, but the morbidity of the classic open procedure exceeds 50%. We report the updated results of Video Endoscopic Inguinal Lymphadenectomy (VEIL), an original minimally invasive procedure recently reported for extended inguinal node dissection in clinical settings. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifteen consecutive patients who underwent the VEIL technique were prospectively followed and included in this study. The first 10 patients underwent bilateral inguinal dissection for nonpalpable lymph nodes: VEIL at one side and standard open lymph node dissection at the other side. A second cohort consisted of five patients who underwent bilateral VEIL, either for nonpalpable or for palpable (N1) inguinal nodes. Operative data and postoperative outcomes were assessed, and VEIL and the open technique were compared. RESULTS: Twenty limbs underwent VEIL and 10 limbs underwent the open procedure. Mean operative time was 120 minutes for VEIL and 92 minutes for the open procedure. There was no difference in the number of nodes removed or in the positivity for metastatic lymph nodes. Complications were observed in 70% of limbs that underwent open surgery and in 20% of limbs that underwent VEIL (P 0.015). Patients who underwent a bilateral VEIL could be discharged from the hospital after an average of 24 hours (range 12-36 hrs), while patients who underwent an open dissection in addition to contralateral VEIL were discharged after an average of 6.4 days (range 5-10 d) There were no recurrences detected during a mean follow-up of 31.9 months (median 33 months). CONCLUSION: This preliminary series suggests that VEIL can reduce morbidity, including hospitalization times,compared with standard open surgery. Oncologic results are premature but seem similar to the results from the conventional open operation. VEIL is a promising minimally invasive approach for radical inguinal dissection in penile cancer patients with nonpalpable or low-volume palpable inguinal disease.

Video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy: a new minimally invasive procedure for radical management of inguinal nodes in patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma.

PURPOSE: Video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy is a recently described lymphadenectomy with the same template of the open technique but performed with laparoscopic instruments under video guidance. It was developed to decrease procedure related morbidity while maintaining good oncological results. We report our initial results in a trial comparing video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy with standard inguinal lymphadenectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2003 to 2005, 10 patients with penile carcinoma who were at high risk for inguinal metastases underwent bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy. We performed standard lymphadenectomy in 1 limb and video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy on the contralateral side. Perioperative results and followup data were compared. RESULTS: No intraoperative complications occurred. Mean operative time was 92 and 126 minutes for open and endoscopic surgery, respectively (p=0.00002). Despite the small number of patients we noted a decrease in cutaneous complications with video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (0% vs 50%, p=0.017) and a trend toward decreased overall morbidity with this endoscopic technique (20% vs 70%, p=0.059). The mean number of retrieved and positive lymph nodes were similar for the 2 techniques. At a mean followup of 18.7 months (range 12 to 31) no signs of recurrence or disease progression were noted. In the postoperative period 9 of the 10 patients identified video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy as the preferred technique in terms of surgical morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy is a safe and feasible technique in patients with penile carcinoma and nonpalpable nodes. These preliminary results suggest that video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy may decrease postoperative morbidity without compromising oncological control. Future studies should include the bilateral procedure, longer term followup and a greater number of patients.

Cálculo de vesícula seminal tratado por cirurgia videolaparoscópica: relato do primeiro caso brasileiro / Seminal vesicle stone treated by laparoscopic surgery: report ofthe first Brazilian case

A ocorrência de cálculo de vesícula seminal é uma entidade rara, compoucos relatos na literatura mundial, sendo ainda mais escassos artigossobre o tratamento videolaparoscópico. A importância do diagnósticoestá relacionada ao fato de o cálculo de vesícula seminal ser um fatorna gênese da prostatite e ter relação com dor perineal e na ejaculação,simulando quadro de prostatite sem infecção demonstrável. Relatamoso caso de um paciente de 36 anos com quadro de dor perineal epolaciúria persistente, apesar de tratamento clínico adequado. Atomografia e a ecografia transretal diagnosticaram cálculo de istmode vesícula seminal bilateral. A vesiculectomia seminal bilateral porlaparoscopia resultou em remissão da sintomatologia e controle dainfecção em seguimento de seis anos.

Estudo comparativo e prospectivo entre prostatectomia laparoscópicatransperitoneal e extraperitoneal / Laparoscopic prostatectomy: a comparative study between transperitoneal and extraperitoneal approachs during learning curve

Objetivos: Comparar os dados relativos à prostatectomia laparoscópicapelo acesso transperitoneal e extraperitoneal durante a experiênciapreliminar. Métodos: Foram avaliados retrospectivamente os primeiros30 pacientes submetidos à rostatectomia laparoscópica transperitoneal e 30 extraperitoneal, durante o período de 1999 a 2005. Foram analisados s resultados cirúrgicos, oncológicos e os resultados funcionais como otência e continência, sendo os resultados comparados entre osdois grupos. Resultados: O tempo cirúrgico e a perda sangüíneaintra-operatória foram em média, respectivamente, de 270 minutos e290 ml no grupo extraperitoneal e de 330 minutos e 380 ml no grupotransperitoneal. Não ocorreram diferenças significativas em relaçãoàs complicações intra-operatórias, período de internação hospitalar etempo de permanência do cateter de Foley. Nos pacientes submetidosao acesso extraperitoneal ocorreu uma reintrodução mais precoce dadieta, diminuição de casos de íleo paralítico, evolução menos mórbida defístulas urinárias e a redução da taxa de margens positivas. Em relaçãoà potência sexual e continência urinária não ocorreram diferenças significativas em relação aos dois grupos. Conclusão: A prostatectomia radical laparoscópica é um procedimento complexo, factível e que pode ser utilizado para o tratamento do câncer de próstata localizado. A viaretroperitoneal oferece algumas vantagens em relação à transperitoneal,e o período de curva de aprendizado oferece uma menor morbidade.

[Laparoscopic adrenalectomy: a prospective study comparing transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches]. / Estudo comparativo entre supra-renalectomia laparoscópica pelos acessos transperitoneal e retroperitoneal.

OBJECTIVES: A prospective protocol was used to compare transperitoneal and retroperitoneal laparoscopic access for treatment of adrenal lesions. METHODS: Forty patients (19 male and 21 female) were submitted to laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Patients were operated by two surgeons. Twenty cases for each type of access (transperitoneal and retroperitoneal) were selected for analysis. Operative time, blood loss, time to oral intake, dose of analgesic, surgical complications, conversions, hospital stay and return to normal activities were compared for both approaches. RESULTS: All procedures were successfully completed. Operative mean time and time to oral intake were 3.6 h and 24 h for the transperitoneal and 2.5 h and 12 h for the retroperitoneal approach (p<0.05). There were no differences in blood loss, analgesia, hospital stay and time for return to normal activities. Complications were observed in two patients in the transperitoneal approach (retroperitoneal bleeding and pancreatitis) and there were three events in the retroperitoneal approach (hipercarbia, peritoneal laceration and pneumonia). No conversions occurred in this cohort of patients. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is a safe and efficient treatment for an adrenal mass of up to 10 cm. There are no relevant differences between the transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approach. Choice of the laparoscopic approach rests upon particular aspects of each case or upon the surgeon's preference.

Estudo comparativo entre supra-renalectomia laparoscópica pelos acessos transperitoneal e retroperitoneal / Laparoscopic adrenalectomy: a prospective study comparing transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches

OBJETIVOS: Não há consenso sobre o melhor acesso minimamente invasivo para a ablação cirúrgica das supra-renais. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar prospectivamente os aspectos intra e pós-operatórios dos pacientes submetidos a cirurgia laparoscópica da supra-renal por meio de dois diferentes acessos: transperitoneal e retroperitoneal. MÉTODOS: Entre janeiro de 1994 e outubro de 2003, 40 pacientes (19 homens e 21 mullheres) com lesões adrenais, incluindo cinco casos de síndrome de Cushing, três de síndrome de Conn, dois neurogangliomas, sete feocromocitomas, 17 adenomas não funcionantes, um tumor virilizante e cinco casos de nódulo pós-tratamento de neoplasia primária não adrenal, foram submetidos a supra-renalectomia laparoscópica por dois cirurgiões. O protocolo foi prospectivo e a via de acesso videoendoscópica foi escolhida de acordo com a indicação do cirurgião. Vinte casos foram submetidos à cirurgia laparoscópica transperitoneal e outros 20 por acesso retroperitoneal. Comparamos o tempo cirúrgico, a perda sangüínea, o tempo para realimentação oral plena, o emprego de analgésicos, as complicações cirúrgicas, a taxa de conversão, o período de internação e o período de retorno às atividades habituais. RESULTADOS: Todos os procedimentos foram realizados com sucesso. O tempo cirúrgico médio e o período para realimentação oral médio foram respectivamente 3,6 horas e 24 horas no grupo transperitoneal e 2,5 horas e 12 horas no grupo retroperitoneal (p<0,05). Não houve diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos em relação a sangramento operatório, analgesia, período de internação e tempo para retorno às atividades habituais. No grupo de acesso transperitoneal, ocorreu um caso de hematoma retroperitoneal e outro que evoluiu com pancreatite pós-operatória. Nos pacientes operados pelo acesso retroperitoneal, houve um caso de hipercarbia intra-operatória, um caso de perfuração do peritôneo e um caso que evoluiu com pneumonia no pós-operatório. Em nenhum dos casos houve necessidade de conversão para cirurgia aberta. CONCLUSÃO: Não há diferenças relevantes entre os acessos transperitoneal e retroperitoneal para a abordagem laparoscópica das supra-renais. Nesta série não randomizada, o tempo cirúrgico e o período para realimentação foram menores no grupo retroperitoneal. A escolha do acesso endoscópico depende das peculiaridades de cada caso e da preferência do cirurgião.

Crioablação: tratamento minimamente invasivo para tumores renais / Cryoablation: minimally invasive treatment for renal tumors

Atualmente, cerca de 60% dos tumores são diagnosticados por meio da ultra-sonografia ou da tomografia.As opções de tratamento padrão para os tumores renais menores do que 4 cm são a nefrectomia radical e parcial.Várias fontes de energia têm sido testadas de forma experimental para destruir tumores renais pequenos (criocirurgia, radiofreqüência, ultrasonografia de alta intensidade e outras) associadas a técnicas menos invasivas (percutânea ou laparoscópica).A cirurgia crioablativa oferece acesso minimamente invasivo no tratamento da maioria dos tumores renais pequenos (menores que 4 cm), minimizando o risco e morbidade da nefrectomia parcial aberta ou laparoscópica. A presença da ultra-sonografia no intra-operatório é essencial para o sucesso da crioablação.Alguns estudos com acompanhamento de três anos após crioablação de tumores renais demonstraram resultados com controle local da lesão de 85-95%.

Retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy in an infant with adrenocortical virilizing tumor.

CONTEXT: Adrenocortical virilizing tumors are rare in the pediatric age group. Laparoscopic surgery is the gold standard method for treatment of adrenal functional tumors under 6 cm in size, in adults. There has been very little use of laparoscopy in children and there is no report of its application in the treatment of adrenal carcinoma in childhood. DESIGN: Case report. CASE REPORT: We performed the first laparoscopic resection using retroperitoneal access for the treatment of an adrenocortical virilizing tumor in a pediatric patient. We believe that retroperitoneoscopic access is a viable and promising option for the treatment of adrenal tumors in children.

Preliminary experience with ureteral intussusception in exclusive retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy: a simple and safe option for the resection of the distal ureter and bladder cuff.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a surgical option in the resection of the distal third of the ureter and bladder cuff. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Three nephroureterectomies were performed by the extraperitoneal access. The first was performed in a patient with vesicoureteral reflux, recurrent urinary infection and chronic renal failure; and two nephroureterectomies were performed for the treatment of upper urinary tract transitional cell cancer. RESULTS: Nephrectomy, according to the technique described by Gill, and treatment of the distal ureter were done based on the principles of open surgery, with exposure of the kidney by enlargement of one of the portals, sectioning the ureter, insertion of a catheter in the ureter antegradely of and eversion of the ureter endoscopically, followed by the removal of the bladder cuff. CONCLUSION: Among the techniques utilized for this procedure, we believe that the technique described herein presents some advantages because it does not require an incision for the removal of the distal ureter, it is easy to perform and provides more comfort to the patient after the surgery. Furthermore, only materials used by the urologist in routine practice are required and there is no contamination of the surgical space by neoplastic cells.

Retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy in an infant with adrenocortical virilizing tumor

CONTEXT: Adrenocortical virilizing tumors are rare in the pediatric age group. Laparoscopic surgery is the gold standard method for treatment of adrenal functional tumors under 6 cm in size, in adults. There has been very little use of laparoscopy in children and there is no report of its application in the treatment of adrenal carcinoma in childhood. DESIGN: Case report. CASE REPORT: We performed the first laparoscopic resection using retroperitoneal access for the treatment of an adrenocortical virilizing tumor in a pediatric patient. We believe that retroperitoneoscopic access is a viable and promising option for the treatment of adrenal tumors in children

Hand-assisted bilateral nephrectomy in a patient with adult polycystic kidney disease.

CONTEXT: Dominantly autosomal polycystic disease is characterized by multiple bilateral and non-functional cysts, which lead to progressive kidney failure. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to report on a case of hand-assisted bilateral nephrectomy in a 28-year-old female patient with adult polycystic disease and recurring pyelonephritis in a kidney transplant program. CASE REPORT: A hand-assisted bilateral nephrectomy was performed through a supra-umbilical median incision of approximately 6 cm, and with 3 ports of 10 mm. The length of the surgery was 3 hours and 15 minutes. The kidneys were removed after the aspiration of some cysts through the supra-umbilical incision. Pain control was achieved via the use of analgesics. The blood loss during surgery was 160 ml. During the postoperative period, the patient developed right-side pneumothorax, which was drained with no further occurrence. This drain was kept in place for 48 hours. The length of hospitalization was 4 days.

Hand-assisted bilateral nephrectomy in a patient with adult polycystic kidney disease

CONTEXT: Dominantly autosomal polycystic disease is characterized by multiple bilateral and non-functional cysts, which lead to progressive kidney failure. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to report on a case of hand-assisted bilateral nephrectomy in a 28-year-old female patient with adult polycystic disease and recurring pyelonephritis in a kidney transplant program. CASE REPORT: A hand-assisted bilateral nephrectomy was performed through a supra-umbilical median incision of approximately 6 cm, and with 3 ports of 10 mm. The length of the surgery was 3 hours and 15 minutes. The kidneys were removed after the aspiration of some cysts through the supra-umbilical incision. Pain control was achieved via the use of analgesics. The blood loss during surgery was 160 ml. During the postoperative period, the patient developed right-side pneumothorax, which was drained with no further occurrence. This drain was kept in place for 48 hours. The length of hospitalization was 4 days

Duodenal damage complicating percutaneous access to kidney

CONTEXT: Since the first percutaneous nephrostomy performed by Goodwin in 1954, technical advances in accessing the kidneys via percutaneous puncture have increased the use of this procedure and thus the complications too. Among these complications, digestive tract damage is not common. DESIGN: Case report. CASE REPORT: We report a duodenal lesion that was corrected using surgical exploration and we touch on the therapeutic options, which may be conservative or interventionist. We chose conservative treatment, which has been approached in diverse manners in the literature

Endometriose simulando neoplasia vesical / Endometriosis simulating bladder cancer

Objetivo: o acometimento do trato urinário pela endometriose é raro e quando ocorre, a bexiga é o órgão mais freqüentemente afetado. Observamos que algumas pacientes tem sido encaminhadas com o diagnóstico clínico de neoplasia vesical. Em geral, a literatura mostra relatos isolados de casos, tornando difícil a padronização de condutas. Tivemos por objetivo apresentar nossa experiência, mostrando os principais aspectos diagnósticos e terapêuticos desta entidade clínica. Métodos: avaliamos retrospectivamente os casos com diagnóstico de endometriose vesical por meio do arquivo do Departamento de Patologia, fazendo revisão dos dados clínicos de prontuário e convocando as pacientes para seguimento ambulatorial após tratamento. Resultados: os principais sinais e sintomas apresentados pelas pacientes foram disúria cíclica, massa e dor pélvica crônica. O diagnóstico presuntivo foi realizado mediante ultra-sonografia (USG), tomografia computadorizada (TC) de abdome, cistoscopia a laparoscopia. O diagnóstico definitivo com confirmação anátomo-patológica foi obtido pela ressecção endoscópica em 3 casos e biópsia laparoscópica em 1 caso. As opções terapêuticas foram o tratamento medicamentoso exclusivo e a ressecção da lesão empregando a via endoscópica ou cistectomia parcial, sempre complementados por tratamento clínico adjuvante. Conclusões: revisamos os principais aspectos clínicos e terapêuticos da endometriose do trato urinário, lembrando que esta representa um importante diagnóstico diferencial de tumor vesical em mulheres jovens na idade reprodutiva